PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server. PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution ...Aug 1, 2023 · There are two string operators. The first is the concatenation operator ('.'), which returns the concatenation of its right and left arguments. The second is the concatenating assignment operator (' .= '), which appends the argument on the right side to the argument on the left side. Please read Assignment Operators for more information. Feb 19, 2019 · Launch the command prompt window: Press Windows Key + X. Click Run. Type in cmd.exe and hit enter. Alternatively, type cmd in the Windows search bar and click the “Command Prompt” icon. 2. Type in the following command at the command prompt: pip help. If PIP responds, then PIP is installed. Jul 10, 2023 · The Uncompromising Code Formatter “Any color you like.” Black is the uncompromising Python code formatter. By using it, you agree to cede control over minutiae of hand-formatting. PHP - Keep The Values in The Form. To show the values in the input fields after the user hits the submit button, we add a little PHP script inside the value attribute of the following input fields: name, email, and website. In the comment textarea field, we put the script between the <textarea> and </textarea> tags.pip install mysql-connector-pythonCopy PIP instructions. Latest version. Released: Jul 17, 2023.PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websites whose server-side language is known. It is typically ...Strings. ¶. A string is a series of characters, where a character is the same as a byte. This means that PHP only supports a 256-character set, and hence does not offer native Unicode support. See details of the string type . Note: On 32-bit builds, a string can be as large as up to 2GB (2147483647 bytes maximum)Nov 21, 2022 · Step 1: First, we need to download our desired .whl file from the official PyPi website (pypi.org), open the website and click on browse projects. Step 2: After clicking browse projects click on the Python 3 compatible projects. Step 3: After clicking Python 3 compatible projects, search for the desired package of user’s choice. A comment in PHP code is a line that is not executed as a part of the program. Its only purpose is to be read by someone who is looking at the code. Comments can be used to: Let others understand your code. Remind yourself of what you did - Most programmers have experienced coming back to their own work a year or two later and having to re ... Payee Information Portal (PIP) As of July 1, 2016, email is now the default means of communication for City agencies' Invitations for Bids (IFBs), Requests for Proposals (RFPs) and notices of availability. Notifications by paper mail, fax, hand delivery or otherwise are only available upon request to the contracting agency. Agencies will use ... PHP Programming at Wikibooks. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. [9] It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995. [10] [11] The PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP Group. [12] PHP was originally an abbreviation of Personal Home ... Jan 22, 2009 · 15. According to the article How to Get Current Datetime (NOW) with PHP, there are two common ways to get the current date. To get current datetime (now) with PHP, you can use the date class with any PHP version, or better the datetime class with PHP >= 5.2. Various date format expressions are available here. Example Get your own PHP Server. When the user fills out the form above and clicks the submit button, the form data is sent for processing to a PHP file named "welcome.php". The form data is sent with the HTTP POST method. To display the submitted data you could simply echo all the variables. The "welcome.php" looks like this:PHP User Defined Functions. Besides the built-in PHP functions, it is possible to create your own functions. A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program. A function will not execute automatically when a page loads. A function will be executed by a call to the function.pub 2048R/31CBD89E 2016-12-08 Key fingerprint = 5289 95BF EDFB A719 1D46 839E F9BA 0ADA 31CB D89E uid Joe Watkins <[email protected]> pub rsa4096 2021-04-26 [SC] [expires: 2025-11-24] 39B6 4134 3D8C 104B 2B14 6DC3 F9C3 9DC0 B969 8544 uid [ultimate] Ben Ramsey <[email protected]> sub rsa4096 2021-04-26 [E] [expires: 2025-11-24] pub rsa4096 2021-04-01 [SC] F1F6 9223 8FBC 1666 E5A5 CCD4 199F 9DFE F6FF ...May 30, 2023 · Great if you like your tutorials to the point. 11. Learn-php.org Free Interactive PHP Tutorial. Learn-php.org free interactive PHP tutorial. The unique thing about this PHP tutorial is that it’s a set of interactive exercises that encourage you to try out coding and see if you can get the expected output. PHP Programming at Wikibooks. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. [9] It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995. [10] [11] The PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP Group. [12] PHP was originally an abbreviation of Personal Home ... Aug 1, 2023 · PHP-GTK related documentation is hosted on the PHP-GTK website. Documentation of PEAR and the various packages can be found on a separate server. You can still read a copy of the original PHP/FI 2.0 Manual on our site, which we only host for historical purposes. The same applies to the PHP 3 Manual . Required Knowledge. Before you begin this PHP tutorial, it is necessary that you have a basic understanding and experience of the following: HTML - PHP can be written with HTML, so it's essential. Basic programming knowledge - If you have any traditional programming experience like C, then learning PHP will be very easy for you. Here's how to run dual PHP instances with PHP 5.2 and any previous PHP on Windows 2003: 1. Right-click My Computer, go to Advanced tab, and click on Environment Variables. Add the two installations and their EXT directories to the Path variable. For example, add: c:\php;c:\php\ext;c:\TMAS\php;c:\tmas\php\ext;Jan 14, 2021 · If you have permission to SSH into the remote server, use the command line to check the installed PHP version. This method is also useful for checking the PHP version installed locally. 1. Type the PHP command: php -v. 2. The php -v command works on Linux, macOS, Windows, and other supported systems. Its output contains the PHP version number ... a Chromium based web browser, as well as traditional UI development. PyQt5 is a comprehensive set of Python bindings for Qt v5. It is implemented. including iOS and Android. applications to configure or enhance the functionality of those applications. PyQt5 is copyright (c) Riverbank Computing Limited.Aug 1, 2023 · Arrow functions have the basic form fn (argument_list) => expr . Arrow functions support the same features as anonymous functions, except that using variables from the parent scope is always automatic. When a variable used in the expression is defined in the parent scope it will be implicitly captured by-value. PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server. PHP can collect form data. PHP can send and receive cookies. PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database. PHP can be used to control user-access. PHP can encrypt data. With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images or PDF files.Aug 1, 2023 · The simplest way to specify a string is to enclose it in single quotes (the character ' ). To specify a literal single quote, escape it with a backslash ( \ ). To specify a literal backslash, double it ( \\ ). All other instances of backslash will be treated as a literal backslash: this means that the other escape sequences you might be used to ... PHP is an open-source, interpreted, and object-oriented scripting language that can be executed at the server-side. PHP is well suited for web development. Therefore, it is used to develop web applications (an application that executes on the server and generates the dynamic page.). PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 but appeared in the ... Command line options; Option Long Option Description-a--interactive: Run PHP interactively. For more information, see the Interactive shell section.-b--bindpath: Bind Path for external FASTCGI Server mode (CGI only).Apr 24, 2023 · PHP is a server-side scripting language, which means that a server executes the instructions in a script. Then, the server provides data on request, channels the requests, and organizes the information in a database. When a web server receives a script, it will process the request and send output to a web browser in an HTML format. Dec 23, 2022 · The Definitive PHP 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0, and 8.1 Benchmarks (2023) The year 2021 has been highly eventful for PHP ( and Kinsta ). PHP 8.0 is already a year old, and the much-anticipated PHP 8.1 was released on November 25, 2021, bringing many exciting features. You can catch up on all the latest PHP 8.1 features in our in-depth post. Jul 10, 2023 · The Uncompromising Code Formatter “Any color you like.” Black is the uncompromising Python code formatter. By using it, you agree to cede control over minutiae of hand-formatting. PHP Programming at Wikibooks. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. [9] It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995. [10] [11] The PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP Group. [12] PHP was originally an abbreviation of Personal Home ...PHP is a script on the server-side used for the creation of Static or Dynamic Web sites or Web applications. PHP is a pre-processor for hypertext, which used to stand for home pages. The software used to build web applications is an open-source, server-side scripting language. We say a program designed for automated work by writing a script ...Select and Filter Data From a MySQL Database. The WHERE clause is used to filter records. The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified condition. SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value. To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.Here's how to run dual PHP instances with PHP 5.2 and any previous PHP on Windows 2003: 1. Right-click My Computer, go to Advanced tab, and click on Environment Variables. Add the two installations and their EXT directories to the Path variable. For example, add: c:\php;c:\php\ext;c:\TMAS\php;c:\tmas\php\ext;shell. python -m pip install wget python3 -m pip install wget py -m pip install wget. Alternatively, you can install the wget module in a virtual environment: Open the root directory of your project. Press Shift and right-click in Explorer. Click on "Open PowerShell window here". Run the following commands.Feb 19, 2019 · Launch the command prompt window: Press Windows Key + X. Click Run. Type in cmd.exe and hit enter. Alternatively, type cmd in the Windows search bar and click the “Command Prompt” icon. 2. Type in the following command at the command prompt: pip help. If PIP responds, then PIP is installed. Using these small units to measure price movement can also protect inexperienced traders from big losses. A fractional pip or 'pipette' is 1/10th of the value of a standard pip and can give you tighter spreads and a better understanding of a currency's price movements.The double arrow operator, =>, is used as an access mechanism for arrays. This means that what is on the left side of it will have a corresponding value of what is on the right side of it in array context. This can be used to set values of any acceptable type into a corresponding index of an array. The index can be associative (string based) or ...PHP: Attributes overview - Manual. PHP 8.1.23 Released! Predefined Variables. Predefined Exceptions. Predefined Interfaces and Classes. Predefined Attributes. Context options and parameters. Supported Protocols and Wrappers. With attributes the generic implementation of a feature and its concrete use in an application can be decoupled.Returns a string formatted according to the given format string using the given integer timestamp (Unix timestamp) or the current time if no timestamp is given. In other words, timestamp is optional and defaults to the value of time().Both commands do the same thing, but the latter still works on an already installed PyTables (so, there is no need to set the PYTHONPATH variable for this case). However, before installation, the former is recommended because it is more flexible, as you can see below. Arrow functions have the basic form fn (argument_list) => expr . Arrow functions support the same features as anonymous functions, except that using variables from the parent scope is always automatic. When a variable used in the expression is defined in the parent scope it will be implicitly captured by-value.PHP Operators. PHP Operator is a symbol i.e used to perform operations on operands. In simple words, operators are used to perform operations on variables or values. PHP is a script on the server-side used for the creation of Static or Dynamic Web sites or Web applications. PHP is a pre-processor for hypertext, which used to stand for home pages. The software used to build web applications is an open-source, server-side scripting language. We say a program designed for automated work by writing a script ...It would appear that in php the increment in the left side of the assignment is processed prior to processing the right side of the assignment, whereas in C, neither increment occurs until after the assignment.This is like an E_WARNING set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error() E_USER_NOTICE 1024; User-generated notice. This is like an E_NOTICE set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error() E_STRICT 2048; Run-time notices. PHP suggest changes to your code to help interoperability and compatibility of the code; E ...Dec 31, 2022 · PyPDF2 is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library capable of splitting, merging , cropping, and transforming the pages of PDF files. It can also add custom data, viewing options, and passwords to PDF files. PyPDF2 can retrieve text and metadata from PDFs as well. Dec 26, 2012 · The double arrow operator, =>, is used as an access mechanism for arrays. This means that what is on the left side of it will have a corresponding value of what is on the right side of it in array context. This can be used to set values of any acceptable type into a corresponding index of an array. The index can be associative (string based) or ... If you find that when you restart your computer, this solution will not work anymore: Set the Path like as following: Step 1 - Click on the Windows icon. Step 2 - Click on the Settings icon. Step 3 - Click on System. Step 4 - Click on About. Step 5 - Click on System info. Step 6 - Click on Advanced system settings.PHP is an open-source, interpreted, and object-oriented scripting language that can be executed at the server-side. PHP is well suited for web development. Therefore, it is used to develop web applications (an application that executes on the server and generates the dynamic page.). PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 but appeared in the ...This is like an E_WARNING set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error() E_USER_NOTICE 1024; User-generated notice. This is like an E_NOTICE set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error() E_STRICT 2048; Run-time notices. PHP suggest changes to your code to help interoperability and compatibility of the code; E ... PHP Programming at Wikibooks. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. [9] It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995. [10] [11] The PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP Group. [12] PHP was originally an abbreviation of Personal Home ...FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) Installation. Configuration. Installation of PECL extensions. Introduction to PECL Installations. Downloading PECL extensions. Installing a PHP extension on Windows. Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command. Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize.Both commands do the same thing, but the latter still works on an already installed PyTables (so, there is no need to set the PYTHONPATH variable for this case). However, before installation, the former is recommended because it is more flexible, as you can see below. May 29, 2023 · Factors to Consider When Choosing a PHP Framework. Best PHP Frameworks in 2023 (Comparison Table) 10 Best PHP Frameworks in 2023 (Ranked) Laravel. Symfony. Yii 2. CakePHP. CodeIgniter. Zend Framework. PHP is a server-side scripting language, which means that a server executes the instructions in a script. Then, the server provides data on request, channels the requests, and organizes the information in a database. When a web server receives a script, it will process the request and send output to a web browser in an HTML format.MySQL is a database system used on the web. MySQL is a database system that runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications. MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. MySQL uses standard SQL. MySQL compiles on a number of platforms. MySQL is free to download and use. MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by ... PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server. PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution ... This is like an E_WARNING set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error() E_USER_NOTICE 1024; User-generated notice. This is like an E_NOTICE set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error() E_STRICT 2048; Run-time notices. PHP suggest changes to your code to help interoperability and compatibility of the code; E ... pub 2048R/31CBD89E 2016-12-08 Key fingerprint = 5289 95BF EDFB A719 1D46 839E F9BA 0ADA 31CB D89E uid Joe Watkins <[email protected]> pub rsa4096 2021-04-26 [SC] [expires: 2025-11-24] 39B6 4134 3D8C 104B 2B14 6DC3 F9C3 9DC0 B969 8544 uid [ultimate] Ben Ramsey <[email protected]> sub rsa4096 2021-04-26 [E] [expires: 2025-11-24] pub rsa4096 2021-04-01 [SC] F1F6 9223 8FBC 1666 E5A5 CCD4 199F 9DFE F6FF ... PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.9 · Changelog · Upgrading.Here's how to run dual PHP instances with PHP 5.2 and any previous PHP on Windows 2003: 1. Right-click My Computer, go to Advanced tab, and click on Environment Variables. Add the two installations and their EXT directories to the Path variable. For example, add: c:\php;c:\php\ext;c:\TMAS\php;c:\tmas\php\ext;The PHP concatenation operator (.) is used to combine two string values to create one string. .=. Concatenation assignment.Returns a string formatted according to the given format string using the given integer timestamp (Unix timestamp) or the current time if no timestamp is given. In other words, timestamp is optional and defaults to the value of time().Command line options; Option Long Option Description-a--interactive: Run PHP interactively. For more information, see the Interactive shell section.-b--bindpath: Bind Path for external FASTCGI Server mode (CGI only).Run tests . spaCy comes with an extensive test suite.In order to run the tests, you’ll usually want to clone the repository and build spaCy from source.This will also install the required development dependencies and test utilities defined in the requirements.txt.PHP is a script on the server-side used for the creation of Static or Dynamic Web sites or Web applications. PHP is a pre-processor for hypertext, which used to stand for home pages. The software used to build web applications is an open-source, server-side scripting language. We say a program designed for automated work by writing a script ...PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor". PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and ... The PHP concatenation operator (.) is used to combine two string values to create one string. .=. Concatenation assignment.To get the function name inside the PHP function we need to use Magic constants (__FUNCTION__). Magic constants: Magic constants are the predefined constants in PHP which is used on the basis of their use. These constants are starts and end with a double underscore (__). These constants are created by various extensions.www.php.net – PHP distribution, tutorials, newsgroups, and more. www.phpfreaks.com - PHP and MySQL tutorials, scripts, forums, and more. www.phpbuilder.com – Collection of PHP resources. Hello World If your web server supports PHP, type this example into a text file called hello.php and access it in your browser by If you have permission to SSH into the remote server, use the command line to check the installed PHP version. This method is also useful for checking the PHP version installed locally. 1. Type the PHP command: php -v. 2. The php -v command works on Linux, macOS, Windows, and other supported systems. Its output contains the PHP version number ...Command line options; Option Long Option Description-a--interactive: Run PHP interactively. For more information, see the Interactive shell section.-b--bindpath: Bind Path for external FASTCGI Server mode (CGI only).Jul 17, 2023 · pip install mysql-connector-pythonCopy PIP instructions. Latest version. Released: Jul 17, 2023. PHP – interpretowany, skryptowy język programowania zaprojektowany do generowania stron internetowych i budowania aplikacji webowych w czasie rzeczywistym.. PHP jest najczęściej stosowany do tworzenia skryptów po stronie serwera WWW, ale może być on również używany do przetwarzania danych z poziomu wiersza poleceń, a nawet do pisania programów pracujących w trybie graficznym (np ...Payee Information Portal (PIP) As of July 1, 2016, email is now the default means of communication for City agencies' Invitations for Bids (IFBs), Requests for Proposals (RFPs) and notices of availability. Notifications by paper mail, fax, hand delivery or otherwise are only available upon request to the contracting agency. Agencies will use ... The PHP date () function is used to format a date and/or a time. The PHP Date () Function The PHP date () function formats a timestamp to a more readable date and time. Syntax date ( format, timestamp ) A timestamp is a sequence of characters, denoting the date and/or time at which a certain event occurred. Get a Date Aug 1, 2023 · The reason for the two different variations of "and" and "or" operators is that they operate at different precedences. (See Operator Precedence.) Dec 26, 2012 · The double arrow operator, =>, is used as an access mechanism for arrays. This means that what is on the left side of it will have a corresponding value of what is on the right side of it in array context. This can be used to set values of any acceptable type into a corresponding index of an array. The index can be associative (string based) or ... Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more.PHP Programming at Wikibooks. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. [9] It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995. [10] [11] The PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP Group. [12] PHP was originally an abbreviation of Personal Home ...PHP-GTK related documentation is hosted on the PHP-GTK website. Documentation of PEAR and the various packages can be found on a separate server. You can still read a copy of the original PHP/FI 2.0 Manual on our site, which we only host for historical purposes. The same applies to the PHP 3 Manual .在 PHP 中，赋值运算符 = 用于给变量赋值。 在 PHP 中，算术运算符 + 用于把值加在一起。 PHP 算术运算符 运算符 名称 描述 实例 结果 x + y 加 x 和 y 的和 2 + 2 4 x - y 减 x 和 y 的差 5 - 2 3 x * y 乘 x 和 y 的积 5 * 2 10 x / y 除 x 和 y 的商 15 /..Using these small units to measure price movement can also protect inexperienced traders from big losses. A fractional pip or 'pipette' is 1/10th of the value of a standard pip and can give you tighter spreads and a better understanding of a currency's price movements. Command line options; Option Long Option Description-a--interactive: Run PHP interactively. For more information, see the Interactive shell section.-b--bindpath: Bind Path for external FASTCGI Server mode (CGI only).
Aug 1, 2023 · The reason for the two different variations of "and" and "or" operators is that they operate at different precedences. (See Operator Precedence.) . Are juul
A comment in PHP code is a line that is not executed as a part of the program. Its only purpose is to be read by someone who is looking at the code. Comments can be used to: Let others understand your code. Remind yourself of what you did - Most programmers have experienced coming back to their own work a year or two later and having to re ...PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor". PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and ... Sep 13, 2010 · There is also something called a nowdoc which is like a single quote string in PHP, but these won't let you use variables inside them. It is the start of a string that uses the HEREDOC syntax. A third way to delimit strings is the heredoc syntax: <<<. After this operator, an identifier is provided, then a newline. PHP - Keep The Values in The Form. To show the values in the input fields after the user hits the submit button, we add a little PHP script inside the value attribute of the following input fields: name, email, and website. In the comment textarea field, we put the script between the <textarea> and </textarea> tags.Feb 23, 2023 · Read key-value pairs from a .env file and set them as environment variables PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server. PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution ... In order to set project specific configuration options, simply add a php.ini file to your project, and then run the built-in server with this flag: php -S localhost:8000 -c php.ini. This is especially helpful for settings that cannot be set at runtime (ini_set ()). up. down.Feb 1, 2023 · shell. python -m pip install wget python3 -m pip install wget py -m pip install wget. Alternatively, you can install the wget module in a virtual environment: Open the root directory of your project. Press Shift and right-click in Explorer. Click on "Open PowerShell window here". Run the following commands. www.php.net – PHP distribution, tutorials, newsgroups, and more. www.phpfreaks.com - PHP and MySQL tutorials, scripts, forums, and more. www.phpbuilder.com – Collection of PHP resources. Hello World If your web server supports PHP, type this example into a text file called hello.php and access it in your browser by Using these small units to measure price movement can also protect inexperienced traders from big losses. A fractional pip or 'pipette' is 1/10th of the value of a standard pip and can give you tighter spreads and a better understanding of a currency's price movements. worth reading for people learning about php and programming: (adding extras <?php ?> to get highlighted code) about the following example in this page manual: Example#1 Logical operators illustratedFeb 19, 2019 · Launch the command prompt window: Press Windows Key + X. Click Run. Type in cmd.exe and hit enter. Alternatively, type cmd in the Windows search bar and click the “Command Prompt” icon. 2. Type in the following command at the command prompt: pip help. If PIP responds, then PIP is installed. Aug 1, 2023 · There are two string operators. The first is the concatenation operator ('.'), which returns the concatenation of its right and left arguments. The second is the concatenating assignment operator (' .= '), which appends the argument on the right side to the argument on the left side. Please read Assignment Operators for more information. .